Senator John McCain, a US Navy hero and one of the nation’s most influential Republicans, chose to forgo the medical treatment for advanced brain cancer, his family announced on August 24. It is the final chapter of a remarkable American life.
McCain would rise from an admiral’s son and Naval Academy midshipman to a decorated Navy captain and then a senator and Republican presidential nominee, who earned a reputation as a maverick who takes his own counsel.
As a 31-year-old Navy pilot, McCain’s plane was shot down on a bombing run, which began a searing five-year experience as a prisoner of war that would change the course of his life. He received a Silver Star for his heroism in captivity.
He has been a defense hawk and one of Congress’ most influential anti-torture voices — consistently opposing the kind of brutality he suffered in Vietnam.[View image on Twitter](https://twitter.com/cindymccain/status/1033007621156962304/photo/1 “View image on Twitter”)
> Cindy McCain✔@cindymccainI love my husband with all of my heart. God bless everyone who has cared for my husband along this journey.
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This is a look at his decorated war service and the lasting impact he’s made on the armed services.
John McCain graduated from the Naval Academy in 1958.
Midshipman John S. McCain III, 1958 Naval History and Heritage Command
John McCain hails from a storied military family.
McCain Field, the U.S. Navy training base, was commissioned and named in honor of Admiral John S. McCain July 14, 1961. Standing before his plaque from left, grandson, Lt. John S. McCain III and his parents, Rear Admiral John S. McCain Jr. and Roberta Wright McCain. AP Photo
His father, seen here as a rear admiral in 1961, would rise to the rank of admiral — like his own father — and lead US Pacific Command.
McCain became a naval aviator and flew A-4 Skyhawks.
McCain, at right, in 1965. Library of Congress
A-4 Skyhawks were US Navy carrier-based attack planes that flew some of the most dangerous missions in Vietnam. According to Naval History and Heritage Command, these subsonic jets were increasingly vulnerable to North Vietnam’s air defenses by the mid-1960s and suffered the highest loss rate of any Navy plane in Vietnam. Thirty percent of the planes in McCain’s squadron were battle casualties during the year he served.
On Oct. 26, 1967 McCain was on his twenty-third mission — a bombing mission over Hanoi. He took a calculated risk to attack his target at an altitude low enough to be struck by North Vietnamese missiles, and managed to release his bombs right before his plane was struck.
The missile struck one of the A-4’s wings. McCain bailed out at high speed, according to Naval History and Heritage Command, which broke both his arms, his right leg and knocked him unconscious.
McCain landed in a lake and somehow regained consciousness.
North Vietnamese guards look at magazines and notebooks left behind by departing U.S. prisoners of war at the prison known as the “Hanoi Hilton,” the day after the last American POW left the prison, March 17, 1973. AP Photo
He had only just resurfaced in the lake when an angry mob attacked the injured aviator.
He would be taken to the notorious Hoa Lo prison, known as the “Hanoi Hilton,” and was interrogated for four days before he was medically treated. He was vomiting, fever-ridden and drifting in and out of consciousness.
The North Vietnamese doctors tried to set his bones without anesthetics, according to NHHC, and he was eventually given surgery to operate on his broken leg.
He was a POW for five and a half harrowing years.
McCain was released on March 14, 1973. AP Photo
The 31-year-old officer would spend the next two years in solitary confinement. He was routinely beaten and would eventually signed a confessional of criminal wrongdoing and apology, which was permissible under the military’s code of conduct, according to NHHC.
McCain would become one of the leaders of the POW resistance at the “Plantation” prison where he continued to be held.
McCain would never fully recover from the injuries he suffered in Vietnam.
President Richard Nixon greets McCain in May 1973. National Archives
After his return to the US, McCain spent five months recuperating. Some wounds never fully heal. He never regained the ability to raise his arms above his head.
McCain became a US Navy liaison to Congress and decided to embark on a political career rather than stay in and try to make admiral. He would retire in 1981, according to NHHC, after a distinguished career, in which he received the Silver Star, Legion of Merit with Combat ‘V’ and gold star, the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Purple Heart among other awards.
McCain returned to Vietnam in 2000 and visited the former prison, which was turned into a museum.
John McCain tells his son Jack about his time as a Vietnam war P.O.W. as they look into a prison cell at the Hoa Lo prison in 2000. David Guttenfelder/AP
McCain was a leading voice on veteran’s issues.
John McCain and his wife Cindy show their respects during a repatriation ceremony, Vietnam, April 2000. David Guttenfelder/AP Images
John McCain and his wife Cindy show their respects during a ceremony in April 2000 on an airfield in Vietnam, honoring the repatriation of recently recovered remains of American soldiers who had gone missing during the Vietnam war.
The McCains visited Vietnam to mark the 25th anniversary of the end of the war. Throughout his tenure in the US Senate, McCain often drew attention to veterans affairs and has remained an active advocate for prisoners of war and missing servicemembers.
He served on the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993 and currently serves as the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee.
As a maverick, McCain would make unlikely allies.
Despite their positions on opposing sides of the aisle, McCain and Sen. Russ Feingold joined forces to reform campaign finances. Lauren Victoria Burke/AP Images
An unlikely friendship developed between the two senators through a partnership aimed at campaign finance reform.
The resulting 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, nicknamed the McCain-Feingold law, prohibits elected officials and candidates from pursuing soft money donations during federal elections.
McCain was the 2008 Republican president nominee, who lost to Barack Obama.
John McCain greets supporters during his campaign for the presidency. Mary Ann Chastain/AP Images
John McCain greets supporters during a door to door campaign swing in South Carolina in 2008.
The senator campaigned against junior Senator Barack Obama, who went on to win the historic election.
This article originally appeared onBusiness Insider. Follow @BusinessInsider on Twitter.
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