By Kris Osborn, President, Center for Military Modernization
(Washington DC) — June 6, 2023 — D-Day Normandy 79-Year Anniversary
As many pause to reflect, honor and respect the trauma and sacrifice endured by American soldiers invading Normandy on D-Day 1944, most will likely remember General Eisenhower’s famous “rendevous with destiny” speech to the 101st Airborne Division.
Most Americans are familiar with the basic framework of the Allied Invasion of Normandy and the scope and scale of the effort, yet fewer numbers are likely aware of some of the strategic nuances and tactical details which ultimately made D-Day successful.
In fact, the entire invasion was set up and preceded by a deliberate and effective Allied deception.
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US soldiers attacked behind enemy lines hours before D-Day, parachuted into high-risk enemy territory and fought heavy concentrations of Nazi troops to secure bridges and roadways for Allied invading forces.
D-Day Invasion
The 101st and 82nd Airborne Divisions, now famous in part for these D-Day missions, took on an assignment knowing there would be heavy casualties – all for the Allied WWII Normandy invasion.
“The 82nd and 101st fought pockets of German defenses to keep roads and bridges open,” Elizabeth Coble, Command Historian XVIIIth Airborne Corps, Fort Bragg, N.C., told Warrior Maven in an interview several years ago.
As paratroopers, some air-dropped from C-47 aircraft and others landed with “glider” aircraft, all under heavy enemy fire. Glider aircraft were soft-skinned aircraft without an engine.
“Many aircraft were pulling Gliders, when they got close to their objective, the pilots cut the rope and troops landed in a flat clear field,” Coble said.
Gliders carried troops, artillery pieces, ammunition and other heavy equipment.
Airborne forces started dropping just hours before the larger D-Day invasion which launched on June 6, 1944. The landings took place at around 7AM. However, German forces were ready to attack landing forces and heavy Nazi Flak gun fire destroyed some of the arriving aircraft.
Coble explained that, overall, 2,303 members of the 101st were wounded and 868 were killed.
“Many guys were killed because the planes were shot down before they got to their objective – anti-aircraft fire was so heavy,” she added.
Omaha Beach
Despite the mission’s ultimate success, things did not go as planned at all. Airborne forces, which flew East over the Contentin Peninsula toward Utah and Omaha Beach, did not land at the intended objective. Many troops wound up landing in marshy areas between Utah and Omaha Beach, 20 miles away from the objective in some cases.
Coble explained that the arriving aircraft got jumbled up, and members of the 101st wound up landing on top of each other. Instead of jumping from C-47s ahead of the objective, as intended, many paratroopers wound up landing much differently than anticipated.
“Pilots were scared flying through all the anti-aircraft fire. They did not slow down to let the paratroopers out. Many guys had equipment ripped off before they jumped. Some guys did not have anything when they landed. They were scavenging for themselves seeking food and ammo,” Coble said.
U.S. forces at times had trouble advancing upon landing. The Germans had flooded fields and waterways and used natural dirt and tree fences along with hundreds of acres of mine fields.
Decoys
The success of the D-Day invasion, according to historians, is also due to a massive strategic deception by the Allies. U.S. forces set up rubber tanks and decoys at the narrowest strip of the English Channel, right near the the U.K. port of Dover.
The distance from Dover to Calais on the Northern French countryside was the shortest of the entire Channel. However, as history notes, the actual invasion took place much farther West, leaving the Germans less prepared.
“The Germans did not fully expect the attack to be at Normandy,” Coble explained.
Kris Osborn is the Military Affairs Editor of 19FortyFive and President of Warrior Maven – Center for Military Modernization. Osborn previously served at the Pentagon as a Highly Qualified Expert with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army—Acquisition, Logistics & Technology. Osborn has also worked as an anchor and on-air military specialist at national TV networks. He has appeared as a guest military expert on Fox News, MSNBC, The Military Channel, and The History Channel. He also has a Masters Degree in Comparative Literature from Columbia University .
