South China Sea: Beijing risks conflict with Philippines over ‘Monster’ ship

by Olawale Abaire, Warrior Editorial Fellow

The South China Sea, a critical maritime corridor linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans, has long been a flashpoint for regional tensions due to its strategic and economic significance. Recently, Beijing’s deployment of the so-called “Monster” ship, a large Chinese Coast Guard vessel, to enforce its anti-trespassing policy has escalated tensions with the Philippines, raising concerns about potential conflicts in the area.

The “Monster” ship, officially known as the CCG 3901, is one of the largest vessels in the Chinese Coast Guard’s fleet. With a displacement of over 10,000 tons, the ship is equipped with advanced surveillance systems, water cannons, and facilities for a large crew capable of sustained operations. Its deployment is a clear demonstration of China’s intent to assert its claims over disputed territories in the South China Sea, notably around areas such as Scarborough Shoal, which is also claimed by the Philippines.

The CCG 3901 stands out not only for its size but also for its capability to conduct extended patrols and enforce maritime claims. Compared to typical coast guard vessels in the region, which often displace around 1,000 to 2,000 tons, the “Monster” ship is significantly larger and better equipped. It features helipads, multiple gun mounts, and advanced radar systems that enhance its capability to monitor and control vast sea areas.

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In contrast, vessels operated by the Philippine Coast Guard are generally smaller and less capable in terms of endurance and firepower. The BRP Gabriela Silang, the flagship of the Philippine fleet, while modern and versatile, displaces only about 2,600 tons, highlighting a stark disparity in power projection capabilities between the two countries.

The deployment of the CCG 3901 in the South China Sea is not just a matter of national policy enforcement by Beijing; it represents a strategic move in the ongoing chess game of territorial claims. This action significantly heightens the risk of military confrontations, not only with the Philippines but potentially with other claimant states such as Vietnam, Malaysia, and even non-regional actors like the United States, which maintains a keen interest in ensuring freedom of navigation in the area.