"Army Prepares Abrams Tank for New, More Lethal Enemy Threats" Video Above: The Army Research Laboratory is now engineering new rocket, missile and artillery rounds By Kris Osborn - Warrior Maven (Washington D.C.) Basically, heavy armor is most likely here to stay, at least for many years if not decades. This is because when it comes to any future warfare engagement it seems war planners would have to account for the expected reality that armored vehicles will face various kinds of much more serious enemy fire. And there does not at the moment appear to be anything comparable to the Abrams tank [https://nationalinterest.org/tag/abrams-tank] in the U.S. Army’s inventory able to withstand, fight through and potentially counter likely enemy threats. Longer-range, more explosive anti-tank missiles [https://www.19fortyfive.com/2021/02/will-the-u-s-army-buy-israels-spike-anti-tank-missile/], rocket-propelled grenades, enemy tank rounds and a new generation of aerial threats such as drone-fired missiles or even drone swarms [https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a28325831/russia-drone-swarm/], present new, much greater risks. These new threats are creating combat dynamics increasing the likelihood that armored vehicles will be faced with new dimensions of incoming enemy fire. For instance, while a new generation of artificial intelligence-enabled sensors might easily succeed in finding, and therefore avoiding, approaching enemy forces. Moreover, future armored vehicles will likely be operating drones and robots, perhaps even large groups of drones. Yet wouldn’t there be a need for some vehicles which could continue to perform, or help crews survive, if hit or impaired by heavy enemy fire? Much of the additional weight of the Abrams tank is intended for survivability enhancements [https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/us-armys-upgraded-abrams-tank-explained-167967] such as add-on armor, reactive armor, internal spall liner or various kinds of added weapons and sensors. Then there is the psychological deterrence factor, as a powerful looking Abrams tank is well known, by its mere presence, to deter potential aggressors and stop attacks before they happen. This proved particularly true in places like Iraq, where tanks could clear road or prevent groups of insurgents from opening up with enemy fire upon a U.S. convoy likely to include thinner-skinned vehicles such as tactical trucks. While so-called “daisy-chained” groups of improvised explosive devices [https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a2690/4253941/] (IED) in Iraq were known to present varying measures of threats to even Abrams tanks to a certain extent, the Army main battle tank [https://www.19fortyfive.com/tag/main-battle-tank/] was the vehicle most likely to keep Soldiers alive and withstand an IED blast. A heavily armored tank can also keep infantry alive in urban areas where they might easily be attacked by concentrations of hidden enemy fires. Should enemies open fire upon infantry on patrol, they would likely compromise their position and instantly become vulnerable to a massive counterattack from a targeted tank round. The up-armored Abrams main battle tank [https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/americas-1970s-m1-abrams-tank-will-keep-fighting-until-2030s-177465] has a lot of new possible missions it could carry out. The tank could soon be operating air and ground drones [https://www.businessinsider.com/us-army-abrams-tanks-attack-drones-2016-12] in the line of enemy fire or sending large robotic vehicles to clear tank ditches and breach obstacles. Moreover, the Abrams could use long-range, high-fidelity sensors to maneuver and target enemies in more dispersed formations. An armored ability to bring massive firepower, unparalleled survivability, and mechanized assault missions still very much characterizes the operational scope of Army tanks. But there are some interesting ways in which technology, networking and unmanned systems are expanding its potential combat applications and therefore multiplying its warfare impact. Should there be a major force-on-force engagement with a technically advanced rival force, the Abrams appears to be the only major platform [https://nationalinterest.org/tag/m1a2-sep-v4-abram] capable of the kind of massive, fire-power driven engagement any kind of combined-arms assault or counterattack might require. Yet, its combat utility is rapidly expanding due to upgrades and technologies expected to impact the tactical equation. Today and tomorrow’s Abrams, as evidenced by the now arriving M1A2 SEPv3 variant [https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/gcs-m1-abrams-main-battle-tank/], is a much more capable and different tank than the platform has been in recent years. It has improved armor protections and a new generation of computing and command and control. Moreover, the tank has modernized thermal, upgraded infrared targeting sensors enabling longer range, more widely scoped target identification and vastly expanded on-board electrical power through integrated mobile auxiliary power units. The v3 also operates with new dimensions of GPS connectivity, moving map displays, threat-based intelligence data, force tracking systems and an upgraded engine and transmission. The on-board computing and electronics are also intended to add the technical infrastructure for yet a new series of upgrades for the platform with the now emerging and underway v4 variant. This will bring third-generation Forward Looking Infrared sensors, a new generation of ammunition data links and an entirely new varied, adjustable and much more capable Multi-Purpose Round [https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/us-army-working-new-super-bullet-its-tanks-96371] ammunition able to fire high-explosive anti-tank rounds [https://www.19fortyfive.com/2021/02/will-the-u-s-army-buy-israels-spike-anti-tank-missile/], multi-purpose rounds and canister rounds intended to expand dispersed fragmentation for anti-personnel lethality. What much of this amounts to is that an Abrams tank is increasingly enabled to take on a much wider mission scope, in part to accommodate the kinds of changing threat environments it would likely face in an anticipated future engagement. What this means, among many things, is that the Abrams v3 and v4 are being engineered to perform both traditional tank combat operations as well as an entirely new sphere of needed warfare tactics. These tactical dynamics explain why the Army continues to refine new concepts of traditional Combined Army Maneuver tailored to a new generation of threats. Among many things, some of the new dimensions pertain to the ongoing massive, strategic and tactical expansion of unmanned systems, multi-domain air-ground connectivity and much better networked, and therefore dispersed, warfare maneuver formations. It is precisely with these tactics in mind that Abrams weapons developers and future war planners continue to architect and integrate a new generation of technical capabilities. Newer v3 and v4 tanks will be able to operate, and possibly even dispatch, air and ground drones [https://www.wearethemighty.com/articles/abrams-tanks-to-be-updated-with-robotic-attack-drones/] to carry ammunition, test enemy defenses, counter enemy obstacles and countermeasures and surveil forward, high-risk areas under enemy fire. This increased secure networking technology, coupled with the advent of a new fleet of increasingly autonomous and semi-autonomous drones and robots, provides much of the inspiration for why the Army is engineering a new class of lighter-weight vehicles. Yet there is still consensus that the kind of heavily-armored ability to attack, fire upon and close with a major enemy is something for which, at least for the moment, there is not an equivalent to the now much more capable upgraded Abrams tank. It might look close to earlier generations of the proven survivability of the Abrams on the outside, but the new modern and innovative tank has capabilities that will literally blow the enemy off the battlefield, while greatly reducing the need for a convoy of trucks and personnel to support the fight. This may be one reason why the Army recently awarded a new contract to General Dynamics Land Systems to deliver a large number of upgraded Abrams tanks. -- Kris Osborn is the Managing Editor of Warrior Maven [https://defensemaven.io/warriormaven/] and The Defense Editor of The National Interest - [https://nationalinterest.org/profile/kris-osborn]- Kris Osborn is the defense editor for the National Interest. Osborn previously served at the Pentagon as a Highly Qualified Expert with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army—Acquisition, Logistics & Technology. Osborn has also worked as an anchor and on-air military specialist at national TV networks. He has appeared as a guest military expert on Fox News, MSNBC, The Military Channel, and The History Channel. He also has a Masters Degree in Comparative Literature from Columbia University.
